Class Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a curricular unit that confers basic knowledge related to energy, common types of energy
and energy transfer mechanisms. In addition to the study of energy variations, it is also relevant to study
the consequences of these energy changes on the remaining properties of the system, and their physical
characteristics. In an Environmental Engineering course in which, among many subjects, we study 
phenomena associated with energetic balances and imbalances on different systems, ranging from
microscopic to planet-wide systems, it is easily understood that thermodynamic is one of the most
important and transverse disciplines with direct or indirect application in almost every other curricular units
of this course

1-Fundamentals of thermodynamics.

• System, boundary, neighborhood, Open, closed and isolated Systems. Thermal state variables:Temperature, pressure, volume, mass, internal energy.
• Thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermodynamic state and processes.

2- 1st law of thermodynamics.

• Heat, work, internal energy and enthalpy, Cyclic processes.
• Specific heat. Calorimetry and heat transfer.

3.- Ideal gas. Equation of state. 1st law of thermodynamics applied to closed systems of Ideal gases.

• 1st Law of thermodynamics applied to open systems. Mass and energy balances.

4- Reversible / irreversible processes. Carnot principle, Carnot cycle, Clausius principle, entropy and 2nd
law of thermodynamics.

• Heat engines, heat pumps and chillers. Thermal efficiency. Other Cycles (Otto,Diesel, Rankine)

5-Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell relations.
6-Thermal properties. Phase diagrams.

• Latent heat and phase transition.

7 - Ideal gas Mixtures. Dalton Law. Parcial pressure. Chemical equilibrium

During theoretical classes, in addition to the fundamental concepts and relationships discussed in each chapter, some "Case Questions" are analyzed using real systems and focusing the attention on solving problemas methodologies and using practical issues related to the concepts or relationships discussed. In the lectures that end each chapter or sub-chapter, students are challenged to answer a conceptual quiz, focused on the understanding of the basic concepts. Regarding the practical application and mastery of the problem-solving process, students are challenged to solve in class a known set of proposed exercises and those not solved in class due to different execution speeds of the students, can be solved outside classes  and submitted for correction. At the beginning of the semester, students will be divided into groups and assigned themes to each group. The work is developed during all semester, integrating the knowledge that is being taught.

Çengel, Yunus e Boles, Michael, Termodinâmica, 7ª Edição, São Paulo, McGraw-Hill, 2013, ISBN 978-8580552003.
Çengel, Yunus, Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 2008, ISBN 978-0071287739.
Pinto, J.P., Guerra, C, Nogueira, J, Notas pedagógicas da unidade curricular