-
Presentation
Presentation
Enzymology is dedicated to the study of enzymes, their kinetics, structure, and function, as well as their relationship with other enzymes. Enzymes are globular biological proteins responsible for thousands of metabolic reactions that sustain life and function as catalysts to facilitate reactions within the cell. The study of enzymes is of great practical importance, in the health area, when some genetic deficiencies can lead to enzymatic changes, compromising vital functions, enzymes have been used as drugs for the treatment of genetic diseases; in genetic engineering, several enzymes isolated from different sources are used as a biological tool; in the industry (pharmaceutical, where some enzymes are used in the production of antibiotics on a large scale; food: dair.
-
Class from course
Class from course
-
Degree | Semesters | ECTS
Degree | Semesters | ECTS
Bachelor | Semestral | 5.5
-
Year | Nature | Language
Year | Nature | Language
2 | Mandatory | Português
-
Code
Code
ULHT2532-7716
-
Prerequisites and corequisites
Prerequisites and corequisites
Not applicable
-
Professional Internship
Professional Internship
Não
-
Syllabus
Syllabus
1. Introduction and historical aspects. Why the use of enzymes and its applicability. 2. Enzymes as biocatalysts. Types of cofactors. Interaction with the substrate. 3. Activation energy. Transition state theory. 4. Classification of Enzymes. 5. Practical aspects: Continuous and discontinuous tests. Tests stopped, direct, indirect and coupled. Enzymatic units, initial velocity. 6. Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Rapid Equilibrium approximation model. Steady-state approximation model. Properties of the Michaelis-Menten velocity law. 7. Methods of linearization of the Michaelis-Menten equation: Lineweaver-Burk, Hanes-Woolf, Eadie-Hofstee, and Eisenthal-Cornish-Bowden. Determination of Vmax and Km. 8. Study of the effect of pH and temperature on enzymatic activity. 9. Types of inhibition: competitive, non-competitive, mixed (anti-competitive). 10. Enzymatic mechanisms: random, ordered and ping-pong. 11. Cooperativity. Model of Monot Wyman and Changeux (MWC) and Koshland Model - Induced fitting.
-
Objectives
Objectives
Enzymology aims at providing the student with the global view on the principles of enzyme kinetics, focusing on the enzyme as a biocatalyst, that decreases the activation energy of a chemical reaction, the composition of the active center and type of cofactors that can be present in an enzyme. This CU also aims to teach the different experimental methodologies used in the study of enzyme kinetics, the different kinetic models, and catalytic mechanisms, using examples from the literature. The student besides learning these concepts in the lectures will also be able to perform experimentally a kinetic study of an enzyme, having to critically analyze the experimental data, which will enable him/her to develop also the data analysis and critical spirit essential in any profession.
-
Teaching methodologies
Teaching methodologies
The UC programmatic contents are taught through powerpoint presentations with illustrative images to capture and motivate students, and for better understanding and organization of learning subjects. It also includes practical exercises to apply theoretical concepts.
-
References
References
Athel Cornish-Bowden. Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics.Portland Press. 2012 (4rd Edition) Nicholas C. Price and Lewis Stevens. Fundamentals of Enzymology. Oxford University Press.1999 (3rd Edition) Trevor Palmer, Philip Bonner. Enzymes. Woodhead publishing. 2007 (2nd edition) Voet, Judith G. Voet. Biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons. 2010 (4th edition) Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, L. Stryer, Ed. W.H. Biochemistry. Freeman & Company.2010 (7th edition)
-
Assessment
Assessment
Descrição dos instrumentos de avaliação (individuais e de grupo) ¿ testes, trabalhos práticos, relatórios, projetos... respetivas datas de entrega/apresentação... e ponderação na nota final.
Exemplo:
Descrição
Data limite
Ponderação
Teste de avaliação
dd-mm-yyyy
60%
Relatório + Apresentação Oral
dd-mm-yyyy
40%
(...)
Ensino de aulas teóricas e laboratoriais: As aulas teóricas são aulas magistrais de frequência voluntária
seguindo o programa definido. As aulas laboratoriais são aulas tutoradas, orientadas por um docente, e
frequência obrigatória, destinadas a aplicar as técnicas e os princípios teóricos.
Os requisitos para aproveitamento são os seguintes:
1) Avaliação contínua
- Classificação prática igual ou superior a 9,5 valores (avaliação contínua do desempenho dos alunos,
40% na classificação final).
- 2 frequências teóricas, média com ponderação de 60 % (classificação final igual ou superior a 9,5
valores).
2) Exame
- Exame teórico (60%) ou prático (40%) . Nota igual ou superior a 9,5 valores em cada componente.
- Isenção de repetir uma das 2 componentes em caso de nota igual ou superior a 9,5 valores obtida para
essa componente em avaliação contínua.
Teaching includes lectures and practical classes. The lectures (explaining the main concepts) are of
facultative attendance, following the defined syllabus. Practical laboratory classes are mandatory and are
carried out under the guidance and orientation of a Professor, in order for students to practice the
techniques and its principles taught in the lectures.
Minimum requirement to pass:
1) Continuous evaluation
- Laboratory minimum classification of 9.5 (continuous evaluation of student's work, corresponding to
40% of final classification).
- 2 mid-term written exams, average with 60% weight (minimum final classification of 9.5).
2) Final examination
- theoritical exam (60%) or practical exam (40%) . Minimum classification of 9.5 value in each
component.
-Students with a minimum classification of 9.5 values in one of the components in a previous evaluation
(continuous or written evaluation) are exempted from repeating that part of the exam.
-
Mobility
Mobility
No
