Class Philosophical, Sociological and Historical Foundations of Education

This CU  is part of the cycle of studies as a theoretical and critical basis for understanding the structuring dimensions of education. Its field of action lies in the analysis of the philosophical, sociological and historical currents that influence the organization of educational systems, with an emphasis on the role of Physical Education in promoting inclusion and social justice. Its area of activity focuses on the problematization of school functions, the processes of educational democratization and reforms in Portugal. The areas of intervention include reflection on the contemporary challenges of education in the light of the UNESCO 2021 Report, articulating theoretical foundations and pedagogical practices. This course is relevant because it provides future professionals with critical tools to interpret educational policies, practices and values from a historical, ethical and sociological perspective, strengthening their performance in complex and inclusive contexts.  

Not applicable

PC1- Introduction: Reflection on the promises of education and future challenges based on the UNESCO 2021 Report PC2- Historical formation and functions of modern education systems: a) Evolution of pedagogical ideas and practices with a focus on Physical Education. b) School model and 'school grammar' PC3- The school in society: a) Theories explaining school failure and the role of Physical Education b) (Physical) Education and the formation of skills for the job market c) Families and the reproduction of family status through Physical Education. d) Inequalities in school trajectories PC 4-Education in contemporary Portugal: a) Foundations of the public school and roots of Portuguese educational backwardness b) The Veiga Simão Reform and changes in Physical Education c) The April 25 Revolution and Education d) Basic Law of the Education System (1986) and Physical Education e) Educational reforms (1986-2000) and Physical Education. PC5-Final reflection:   

TM1: Dialogic lectures, critical text analysis and guided debates, fostering reflection on philosophical, historical and sociological foundations applied to Physical Education (LO1, LO2). Link to Pedagogical Model: promotes critical thinking, autonomy and theory-practice integration. TM2: Document analysis, case studies, simulations and group work, integrating controlled use of AI as research support, enabling understanding of Physical Education’s role in education systems and inclusion (LO3). Link: promotes active, cooperative and contextualized learning. TM3: Practical activities, reflective work, critical essays and oral presentations, using AI for idea organization, strengthening argumentation and scientific communication in Physical Education (LO4). Link: reinforces reflective practice and professional skills.

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