-
Presentation
Presentation
Thermodynamics is a subject that provides fundamental knowledge relating to the concept of energy in a system, the most common forms of energy, and the mechanisms of energy transfer. In addition to energy transfers, it is also important to study the consequences of these energy changes on the system's other properties and its physical characteristics. In the Environmental Engineering degree programme, which, amongst other topics, requires a basic understanding of energy transfer, energy sustainability in man-made systems such as hydraulic systems, as well as an understanding of energy phenomena associated with energy equilibria and disequilibria in systems, and of energy calculations involving energy and entropy in closed and open natural systems, it is easy to see that thermodynamics is one of the cross-disciplinary subjects with direct and indirect applications in many other modules within the degree programme.
-
Class from course
Class from course
-
Degree | Semesters | ECTS
Degree | Semesters | ECTS
Bachelor | Semestral | 5
-
Year | Nature | Language
Year | Nature | Language
2 | Mandatory | Português
-
Code
Code
ULHT39-30
-
Prerequisites and corequisites
Prerequisites and corequisites
Not applicable
-
Professional Internship
Professional Internship
Não
-
Syllabus
Syllabus
1-Fundamentals of thermodynamics. System, boundary, neighborhood, Open, closed and isolated Systems. Thermal state variables:Temperature, pressure, volume, mass, internal energy. Thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermodynamic state and processes. 2- 1st law of thermodynamics. Heat, work, internal energy and enthalpy, Cyclic processes. Specific heat. Calorimetry and heat transfer. 3.- Ideal gas. Equation of state. 1st law of thermodynamics applied to closed systems of Ideal gases. 1st Law of thermodynamics applied to open systems. Mass and energy balances. 4- Reversible / irreversible processes. 2nd law of thermodynamics. Heat engines, heat pumps and chillers. Thermal efficiency. Other Cycles (Otto,Diesel, Rankine) Carnot principle, Carnot cycle, Clausius principle, entropy and 2nd law of thermodynamics. 5-Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell relations. 6-Thermal properties. Phase diagrams. Latent heat and phase transition. 7 - Ideal gas Mixtures. Dalton Law. Parcial pressure. Chemical equilibrium
-
Objectives
Objectives
The student is expected to acquire understanding of the basic concepts of thermodynamics as the notion of thermodynamic state, equilibrium state, thermodynamic properties, pure substances, equation of state and thermodynamic process. Should also be able to Apply the first law of thermodynamics to simple closed and open systems, which includes the calculation of work and heat transferred in several processes, and apply the second law of thermodynamics with Calculation of entropy variations in reversible and irreversible thermodynamic processes. In general, the student is expected to acquire technical skills and both the ability to develop a structured reasoning in the formulation and solution of heat transfer problems and to apply theoretical and pratical notions to different effects in everyday life.
-
Teaching methodologies
Teaching methodologies
During theoretical classes, in addition to the fundamental concepts and relationships discussed in each chapter, some "Case Questions" are analyzed using real systems and focusing the attention on solving problemas methodologies and using practical issues related to the concepts or relationships discussed. In the lectures that end each chapter or sub-chapter, students are challenged to answer a conceptual quiz, focused on the understanding of the basic concepts. Regarding the practical application and mastery of the problem-solving process, students are challenged to solve in class a known set of proposed exercises and those not solved in class due to different execution speeds of the students, can be solved outside classes and submitted for correction. At the beginning of the semester, students will be divided into groups and assigned themes to each group. The work is developed during all semester, integrating the knowledge that is being taught.
-
References
References
Çengel, Yunus e Boles, Michael, Termodinâmica, 7ª Edição, São Paulo, McGraw-Hill, 2013, ISBN 978-8580552003. Çengel, Yunus, Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, 2008, ISBN 978-0071287739. Pinto, J.P., Guerra, C, Nogueira, J, Notas pedagógicas da unidade curricular
-
Assessment
Assessment
Avaliação Contínua:
Testes (T) - 2 Testes distribuídos pelo semestre. Cada prova escrita tem associada uma prova oral complementar . A nota da componente (T) é dada pela Média ponderada das 2 provas escritas (15 % cada para a nota final da uc) e das 2 provas orais (17,5% cada para a nota final da uc). Caso a nota média da componente (T) seja inferior a 8,0 valores ou a nota de cada teste seja inferior a 6 valores, os estudantes têm de realizar uma prova global equivalente aos 2 testes e provas orais ou a recuperação 1 dos 2 dos testes e prova oral correspondente.Testes de Consolidação (TC) - De 15 em 15 dias serão realizados mini-testes ou quizes de consolidação dos capítulos discutidos com duração de 20 minutos cada, num total de 6 mini-testes ao longo do semestre. A média dos 6 mini-testes (sem nota mínima) conta 20% para a nota final.
Trabalho Autónomo (TA) - Contribui também para a avaliação contínua o trabalho autónomo desenvolvido pelo aluno. No âmbito do (TA) podem ser propostos problemas para resolução em grupo e entrega via Moodle e/ou a pesquisa em grupo sobre temas a definir e correspondente apresentação oral numa lógica de aulas invertidas. Esta componente de trabalho autónomo tem uma ponderação de 15% para a nota final da UC distribuída do seguinte modo: Resumo escrito da pesquisa realizada 5%; Resolução de problemas propostos 2,5% e componente oral dos trabalhos 7,5%.
A nota de Avaliação contínua NAC = 0.65*(T) + 0.2*(TC) + 0,15*(TA).
Requisitos para aprovação por avaliação contínua: Nota (NAC) > ou = a 10 valores desde que a média dos testes (T) seja igual ou superior a 8,0 e nenhum dos testes seja inferior a 6 valores.
Exame:
Os alunos não aprovados por avaliação contínua podem fazer um exame final na época de recurso. O Exame de recurso é escrito e sempre complementado com prova oral para os casos de nota da componente escrita igual ou superior a 9 valores. Componente escrita vale 40% e a componente oral vale 60%. Requisitos para aprovação por exame (NEx): Nota > ou = a 10 valores.Descrição
Data
Ponderação
1º Teste de avaliação + oral
04 DE NOVEMBRO
202615% teste + 17,5% oral 2º Teste de avaliação + oral 06 DE
JANEIRO 2027Teste 15% + 17,5% oral 6 Mini-testes de 20 minutos 1º Mini-teste 1/10/26
2º Mini-teste 15/10/26
3º Mini-teste 29/10/26
4º Mini-teste 19/11/26
5º Mini-teste 3/12/26
6º Mini-teste 17/12/26média dos 6 mini-testes vale 20% Tarefas que podem constar na componente de trabalho autónomo (TA): Pesquisa em grupo sobre temas e apresentação oral do tema discutido nas aulas; Entrega da Resolução de Exercícios Propostos para realizar em grupo; leitura e resumo de textos, etc A definir ao longo do semestre e de acordo com o desenvolver das aulas e dos conteúdos programáticos. a média dos vários elementos vale 15% Exame de Recurso + oral A marcar pela coordenação do curso 100% (40% prova escrita e 60% prova oral)
-
Mobility
Mobility
Yes
