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Presentation
Presentation
The Hydraulics I curricular unit aims to contribute to the training of future civil engineers by providing fundamental knowledge of fluid mechanics applied to the planning, design and supervision of hydraulic works and systems. It covers the physical properties of fluids, flow kinematics and dynamics, energy, head losses and flow resistance laws. It aims to develop the ability to analyse and solve hydraulic problems, providing the foundations required for the study and design of hydraulic systems and infrastructures.
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Class from course
Class from course
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Degree | Semesters | ECTS
Degree | Semesters | ECTS
Bachelor | Semestral | 6
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Year | Nature | Language
Year | Nature | Language
2 | Mandatory | Português
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Code
Code
ULP730-7683
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Prerequisites and corequisites
Prerequisites and corequisites
Not applicable
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Professional Internship
Professional Internship
Não
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Syllabus
Syllabus
1. Fluid properties Measurement of physical quantities and unit systems. External forces. Mass density, specific weight and relative density. Compressibility and viscosity. 2. Flow kinematics Flow classification. Discharge and mean velocity. Continuity equation. Laminar and turbulent flows. 3. Flow dynamics Bernoulli's theorem applied to ideal and real fluids. Hydraulic grade line and energy grade line. Pressure and velocity measurement: piezometer and Pitot tube. Generalisation of Bernoulli's theorem. 4. Global analysis of fluid flows Generalised Bernoulli equation for streamtubes. Coriolis and momentum coefficients. Flow power. Hydraulic machines: pumps and turbines. Momentum theorem. 5. Resistance laws for uniform flows Flow resistance laws under laminar and turbulent regimes. Continuous head losses. Empirical laws for turbulent flow. Colebrook-White equation and compatibility with other resistance equations
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Objectives
Objectives
By the end of the curricular unit, students should be able to: Identify and characterise the main physical properties of fluids, correctly using the quantities and unit systems applicable to hydraulics; Distinguish different types of flow and apply the continuity equation to determine discharge and mean velocity; Apply Bernoulli's theorem to ideal and real fluid flows, determining the hydraulic grade line and the energy grade line; Calculate continuous and local head losses using different flow resistance laws; Analyse and design simple hydraulic systems; Understand the operation of hydraulic machines, namely pumps and turbines, and their integration into hydraulic systems; Interpret the results of practical and experimental activities, relating them to the theoretical principles studied and to Civil Engineering problems.
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Teaching methodologies
Teaching methodologies
The methodologies combine the presentation and discussion of theoretical concepts with their practical application. Theoretical classes use an expository and interactive approach supported by Civil Engineering examples. Practical classes use Problem-Based Learning and Case-Based Learning through the analysis and resolution of hydraulic problems. Some activities will be developed in teams using Team-Based Learning. Exercises, worksheets, short questions, quizzes and challenges support formative assessment and learning monitoring. At least one experimental activity will be carried out at LABCIV, linking theory with the observation, measurement and interpretation of hydraulic phenomena.
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References
References
Lencastre, A. (2005). Hidráulica geral. Edição do Autor. Quintela, A. C. (2009). Hidráulica. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. Chadwick, A., Morfett, J., & Borthwick, M. (2021). Hydraulics in civil and environmental engineering (6th ed.). CRC Press. Finnemore, E. J., & Maurer, E. (2024). Fluid mechanics with civil engineering applications (11th ed.). McGraw Hill.
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Assessment
Assessment
Avaliação contínua:
- Componente A - desempenho e participação nas atividades desenvolvidas em aula, trabalhos práticos, fichas de trabalho e outros elementos solicitados ao longo do semestre, incluindo a atividade experimental no LABCIV: 30%;
- Componente B - primeiro teste escrito: 30%;
- Componente C - segundo teste escrito: 40%.
É exigida uma classificação mínima de 6 valores em cada componente. Caso o estudante obtenha uma classificação inferior a 6 valores em qualquer componente, a classificação final da unidade curricular será fixada em 9 valores, independentemente da média ponderada obtida.
A docente poderá solicitar, sem aviso prévio, uma defesa oral individual de qualquer elemento de avaliação, a todos ou apenas a alguns estudantes, para verificação da autoria e do domínio dos conteúdos apresentados.
Qualquer situação de plágio, cópia ou utilização indevida ou não declarada de ferramentas de inteligência artificial será tratada nos termos dos regulamentos em vigor.
Avaliação por exame: prova escrita individual, com ponderação de 100%, nas épocas previstas no calendário académico.
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Mobility
Mobility
No
