Class Statistics

Statistics is the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, through an adequate methodology and procedures. The statistic is essential in all sciences, and also in sports. For academics and professionals in the various areas related to physical education and sports, without exception, the statistic is an indispensable tool in your practice, e.g., controlling students' learning in school, monitoring the development of athletes, evaluating the effect of training in the gym. Thus, the knowledge and skills developed in this CU are fundamental to our students, future sports¿ professional and academics.

1. Fundamental concepts of statistics
-Phases of the statistical method. The importance of planning.
-Target population. Definition of a sample. Representativeness of a sample.
-Variables of interest. Types of variables.
-Instruments for data collection.
-Organization of data. Database in Excel.

2. Data Analysis
-Descriptive analysis: mean and standard deviation. Frequency table. Description of a sample.
-Inferential Analysis: null hypothesis, level of significance and p-value. Decision rule. Tests for comparison of averages (T Test for independent samples, T Test for dependent samples and Analysis of variance). Correlation test. Correlation coefficient. Scatter plot. Correlation matrix. Association test. Contingency tables. Interpretation, presentation and discussion of results.

Classes are theoretical-practical. 

Ongoing evaluation is constituted by 2 written assessments which occur in class, in dates communicated by the Course Director. The classification in the CU is equal to the average of the result obtained in the mentioned assessments. If this average is greater than or equal to 9.5 and both assessments have a classification of at least 7.5, the student is approved. Otherwise, the student has a 2nd call assessment relative to the classification below 7.5(*). The student fails if the average of the assessments is below 9.5.

Exam evaluation is constituted by a written and an oral assessment. The written assessment occurs according to the Schedule of Examinations. The students are called to the oral assessment if the classification in the written one is greater than or equal to 9.5. The classification in the CU is the average of the classifications obtained in both assessments. The classification in the oral assessment must be greater than or equal to 9.5.

Miguel Patricío, Miguel; Loureiro, Marisa & Caramelo, Francisco (2017) Bioestatística com SPSS. Plátano Editora, S.A., Lisboa.

Laureano, Raul (2013) Testes de hipóteses com o SPSS. 2ª Edição, Edições Sílabo, Lisboa.

Maroco, João & Bispo, Regina (2005) Estatística aplicada às ciências sociais e humanas. 2ª Edição, Climepsi Editores, Lisboa.