Class Fundamentos de Estatística para Ciência de Dados

This subject is devoted to fundamental concepts in the theory of probability, statistics and statistical inference

1. Descriptive Statistics

Types of data: integers, continuous, categorical, arrays, matrices

Frequency tables

Measures of central tendency and variability

Visualization

2. Linear Regression

Independent vs. dependent variables. Scatter plots

Covariance and Pearson coefficient

Regression line, residuals, least squares method

Calculating the estimate for the response given a certain value for the independent variable

3. Probability

Random experiment. Sample space. Event. Operations between events

Properties of the probability function. Probability of the union of events

Law of total probability

Bayes' theorem

Conditional probability. Independent events

4. Statistical Inference

Sample and random sample

Estimator and estimate for a proportion

Hypothesis test for a proportion

In class, the ideas that underpin the program of this Curricular Unit (CU) are discussed, and multiple examples and application exercises are analyzed.

For each topic of this CU, a set of application exercises is presented. Students are encouraged to solve these exercises and to present any doubts they may have.

This CU will share content and support material with another CU (Introduction to Data Science).

All support material and relevant information will be shared with the students through Moodle.

The evaluation includes a continuous component, which consists of three 20-minute mini-tests (whose average corresponds to 30% of the final grade) and one exam (which accounts for 70% of the final grade). Students who obtain a final grade of no less than 10 points are considered to have passed.

• Morais, M. C. (2020): Probabilidades e Estatística: Teoria, Exemplos e Exercícios, IST Press (Coleção Ensino da Ciência e da Tecnologia)
• Murteira, B., Ribeiro, C.S., Andrade e Silva, J., e Pimenta C. (2010): Introdução à Estatística, Escolar Editora
• Murteira, B. (1993): Análise Exploratória de Dados - Estatística Descritiva, McGraw-Hill